Preface I........................................................... VII

Preface II.......................................................... IX

Acknowledgements ............................................. X

Chapter I

The Dog........................................................... I

Domestication ................................................... 1

Description........................................................ I

Classification...................................................... 2

Status in zoological systematics.............................. 2

Some characteristics of the species.......................... 4

Barking............................................................. 4

Breeding features................................................ E

How are dogs useful? .......................................... 5

Chapter 2

Shepherd Dog Breeds Of The World..................... 9

Is the Tibetan Mastiff the ancestor of all flock guarding dogs? 9

Tibet ............................................................... 9

Some questions.................................................. 10

The contrary thesis and supporting evidence............... 11

The Castro Laboreiro Dog...................................... 16

The Caucasian Ovcharka Dog................................. 16

The Central Asian Ovcharka Dog............................. 17

The Great Pyrenees Dog (Pyrenean Mountain Dog)...... 17

The Komondor Dog.............................................. 18

The Kuvasz Dog.................................................. 18

The Maremma-Abruzzese Dog................................ 18

The Polish Tαtra Sheep Dog................................... 19

The Shar Planinetz Dog......................................... 19

The Slovakian Tchouvatch Dog............................... 20

The Tibetan Mastiff Dog........................................ 20

Chapter 3

Native Dog Breeds Of Turkey............................. 21

The Turkish Kangal (Karabash) Shepherd Dog............ 21

The Turkish Akbaş (Akbash) Shepherd Dog................ 23

The Kars (Caucasian) Shepherd Dog........................ 23

The Turkish Tazı (Greyhound) Dog........................... 24

The Qatalburun (Fork-nose) Dog of Tarsus................ 25

Does any dog breed called the Anatolian Shepherd Dog exist?  25

How many of the Kangal (Karabash) Dogs in western countries are purebred Kangals? 26

Chapter 4

Origin Of The Turkish Kangal (Karabash) Shepherd Dog    29

Two widespread views ......................................... 29

Civilizations lived in Anatolia.................................. 30

Species in Anatolia.............................................. 3 I

Importance of sheep and dog for ancient Turks........... 31

The Migration..................................................... 33

Atrip to Central Asia............................................ 33

Chapter 5

The Turkish Kangal (Karabash) Shepherd Dog...... 39

Origin of the name Kangal (Karabash) Dog ............... 39

The Turkish Standards Institute (TSE) Standards for the Kangal (Karabash) Dog 41

Increasing interest in the Kangal (Karabash) Dog across the world    43

Chapter 6

The Turkish Kangal (Karabash) Shepherd Dog In The Uk (Written by Margeret MeJIor) .................................................................. 49

Beginnings in England ............................................ 49

The invention of the Anatolian Shepherd Dog............. 51

Later developments in the UK................................... 5I

Maintaining a separate population............................. 52

Improving knowledge about Kangal (Karabash) Dogs. .. 53

The situation in 2006 .............................................. 54

Chapter 7

The Turkish Kangal (Karabash) Shepherd Dog In The Netherlands (Written by Peter Vink)..59

History............................................................. 59

First Imports...................................................... 60

Further Litters and Breeders .................................. 60

Breeders of the Anatolian Shepherd Dog in the Netherlands 61

The present situation ........................................... 61

Club................................................................. 62

Why a club?....................................................... 63

The Future of the Breed in the Netherlands ............... 64

Chapter 8

The Turkish Kangal (Karabash) Shepherd Dog In Germany (Written by Liza Borg) 65

Chapter 9

The Turkish Kangal (Karabash) Shepherd Dog In France (Written by Liza Borg)..69

Chapter 10

The Turkish Kangal (Karabash) Shepherd Dog In The Continent (Written by Liza Borg 75

Scandinavian countries ........................................ 75

Sweden............................................................ 75

Norway............................................................. 76

Finland............................................................. 77

Denmark........................................................... 77

Ireland (Eire)..................................................... 77

Belgium............................................................ 78

Greece............................................................. 78

Switzerland ....................................................... 78

Former Yugoslavia (Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovine, Slovenia) 79

Austria............................................................. 79

Italy................................................................ 79

Spain and Portugal.............................................. 80

Eastern Europe................................................... 80

Chapter 11

The Turkish Kangal (Karabash) Shepherd Dog And The Wolf     83

The Wolf........................................................... 83

Characteristics of the wolf..................................... 84

Characteristics of Wolf-killer (Kurtçul) Turkish Kangal (Karabash) Shepherd Dog     85

Wolf-killing........................................................ 86

Similarity of the Turkish Kangal (Karabash) Shepherd Dog and the wolf  87

Has the Turkish Kangal (Karabash) Shepherd Dog bred from the wolf?        88

Chapter 12

Breed Characteristics Of The Turkish Kangal (Karabash) Shepherd Dog   89

Some Concepts................................................... 89

The Basic Breed Characteristics of the Turkish Kangal (Karabash) Shepherd Dog 90

The Secondary Breed Characteristics of the Turkish Kangal (Karabash) Shepherd Dog 91

Coat colour........................................................ 91

The Turkish Kangal (Karabash) Shepherd Dogs in Turkey in accordance with colour varieties.................................................................... 92

General Appearance................................................... 95

Chapter 13

Behavioural Characteristics Of The Turkish Kangal (Karabash) Shepherd Dog  97

Character  ........................................................ 97

Intelligence ....................................................... 98

Behaviour Maternity............................................. 99

Adaptation Ability................................................ 101

Stages of Starting an Attack.................................. 101

Fighting Tactics .................................................. 102

Chapter 14

Stud Selection............................................................ 103

Selection of Pups........................................................ 103

Purchasing zKangal (Karabash) Pup from Breeders   ........ 103

Criteria for Selecting Turkish Kangal {Karabash) Shepherd Dog Stud Pups  104

Selection of a Stud Puppy through Scoring (Assessment)  105

Selection of Mature Sire and Dam Stud Dogs ................. 107

Judging Dog Age from Teeth     ................................... 108

Chapter 15

Reproduction Of The Turkish Kangal (Karabash) Shepherd Dog  109

Heat (oestrous) Cycle ......................................... 109

Mating.............................................................. 109

Pregnancy ........................................................ 110

Labour and Delivery............................................. 111

Number of Puppies in a Litter ................................ 112

Chapter 16

Management.................................................... 115

Kennelling ........................................................ 115

Light................................................................ 116

Temperature...................................................... 116

Humidity........................................................... 116

Starting Breeding................................................ 116

Care of Puppies.................................................. 117

Cropping the Ears of Kangal (Karabash) Dogs ............ 117

Care of Mature Kangals......................................... 117

Chapter 17

Nutrition.......................................................... 119

Introduction....................................................... 117

Water Needs...................................................... 120

Energy Needs..................................................... 120

Protein Needs   .................................................. 120

Mineral Needs  .................................................. 120

Vitamin Needs  .................................................. 122

Essential Fatty Acids Needs .................................. 122

Feeding during the period of lactation {0-2 months) ... 123

Importance of Colostrum....................................... 123

Other Important Points Concerning Milk.................... 124

Feeding of Young Kangal (Karabash) Dogs (2/18 months) 125

Feeding of Mature Kangal (Karabash) Dogs (after 18 months)  126

Feeding of Pregnant Kangal (Karabash) Dogs............. 126

Feeding of Old Kangal (Karabash) Dogs.................... 126

Feeding of Sick and Injured Kangal (Karabash) Dogs ... 126

Chapter 18

Materials And Equipment .................................. 127

Shelter............................................................. 127

Dog Training Supplies .......................................... 128

Dog Feeding Supplies .......................................... 128

Dog Grooming Supplies ....................................... 128

Dog Health Supplies............................................ 129

Chapter 19

Training............................................................ 131

Training Puppies (0-6 months) ............................131

Naming............................................................. 132

Discipline.......................................................... 132

Collar Training   ................................................ 133

Professional Training.......................................... 133

Basic Dog Training Commands   .......................... 134

Dog Training (Older than 6 months)..................... I34

Chapter 20

Sicknesses And Treatment ................................ 135

Parasites........................................................... 135

External Parasites ............................................... 136

Internal Parasites (worms) ................................... 137

Diseases .......................................................... 138

Rabies (Canine madness)....................................138

Canine distemper ............................................... 138

Canine typhoid fever (Leptospirosis) ....................... 139

Canine parvoviral enteritis  ................................... 139

Hepatitis contagiosa cants..................................... 139

Canine Infectious laryngotracheitis  ......................... 139

Infectious Tracheobronchitis (Kennel cough) ..............139

Canine corona virus infection.................................. 140

Herpes virus infection  ......................................... 140

Infertility ......................................................... 140

Hereditary faults................................................. 140

Traffic accidents and fighting injuries........................ 141

Precautions and preventive vaccination .................... 141

Administering dog medicines ................................. 142

Chapter 21

The Future Of The Turkish Kangal (Karabash) Shepherd Dog    143

Bibliography....................................................... 145

Index............................................................... 147